meme definition english

bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, type: "html5", an image, a video, a piece of text, etc. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, quand même > even so, anyway. Define meme. "authorizationFallbackResponse": { 2. an image or video that is spread widely on the internet, often altered by internet users for humorous effect. A meme is typically a photo or video, although sometimes it can be a block of text. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, 'max': 8, 'increment': 1, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, 'increment': 0.01, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, ga('send', 'pageview'); Add meme to one of your lists below, or create a new one. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, This is an argument that has been repeated in recent months, as the meme has become more mainstream. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, Definition of meme. }, userSync: { partner: "uarus31" { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, }, googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (!event.isEmpty && event.slot.renderCallback) { event.slot.renderCallback(event); } }); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, 1 : an idea, behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture Memes (discrete units of knowledge, gossip, jokes and so on) are to culture what genes are to life. dfpSlots['btmslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_btmslot', [[300, 250], 'fluid'], 'ad_btmslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_btmslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, bidders: '*', (used before the noun) same 1.1. storage: { { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, Really popular meme "formats" are templates that can be used to make your own meme. name: "pubCommonId", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '541042770', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, userIds: [{ { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, "Meme" itself, like any good meme, caught on fairly quickly, spreading from person to person as it established itself in the language. 'cap': true googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_c", ["business_financial_industrial_technology", "sports_sporting_goods", "people_society_religion"]); Memes can be about anything. meme - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, Word Pronounce: Store Favourite: Meme - meme. 2 a piece of video , a joke , or something else that spreads quickly on … ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, var mapping_rightslot2 = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_dc = english"); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; },{ { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; “Meme.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they se… Je l'ai acheté le même jour 1.1.1. The word meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene as an attempt to explain how ideas replicate, mutate, and evolve (). { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, a funny picture of a cat that quickly became an Internet meme. … the exhibition seeks to give a sense not only of Holmes's origins but of the real-world milieu in which Conan Doyle set him and of his, Several likened the rally to recent surges in other highly speculative assets, like cryptocurrencies or, Dandelions contain 112% daily value of vitamin A and 535% daily value for vitamin K, as the, One other aspect of the 10-K reflected the, The gains for GameStop, AMC Entertainment and other, Today, social media sites like Twitter and Reddit, which powered the rise of GameStop and other, As evidenced by Tanger’s temporary rise, the. }); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, }, "sign-up": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signup?rid=READER_ID", Send us feedback. In previous generations, memes typically spread within local cultures or social groups. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, name: "criteo" We heard you ask, so we created the ultimate meme dictionary to make sense of it all! 2. : an amusing or interesting picture, video, etc., that is spread widely through the Internet. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, Noun (1) a cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior, as by imitation. 'max': 36, dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", }, }], iasLog("criterion : cdo_pt = entry"); Memes change as they go, creating controversy, and sculpting society. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, noun. tout de même > even so. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sfr", "cdo_dict_english"); meme: 1 n a cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior) that is passed from one person to another by non-genetic means (as by imitation) “ memes are the cultural counterpart of genes” Type of: acculturation , culture all the knowledge and values shared by a society googletag.pubads().setCategoryExclusion('lcp').setCategoryExclusion('resp').setCategoryExclusion('wprod'); (used after the noun) very 2.1. { { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, initAdSlotRefresher(); filter: 'include' { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, Je pense qu'il ne viendra pas, mais je l'inviterai quand même. iasLog("criterion : cdo_ptl = entry-lcp"); iasLog("criterion : cdo_pc = dictionary"); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, },{ { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, iasLog("exclusion label : wprod"); A meme is an idea or style which spreads because one person copies it from another. const customGranularity = { googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ptl", "entry-lcp"); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. iframe: { { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, ga('set', 'dimension3', "default"); var pbMobileLrSlots = [ { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, },{ { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, "authorizationTimeout": 10000 We agree with most of this, although we prefer not to use language that implies that memes are independent living entities. var pbHdSlots = [ } { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, The word “meme” is both a noun and a verb, and it’s taken the Internet by storm in recent years. {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, },{ { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, English to Tajik Meaning : Meme : meme. },{ googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_t", "behaving-and-interacting"); English to Latvian Meaning :: meme. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, An example would be how viruses spread to different organisms. Nglish: Translation of meme for Spanish Speakers. Unfortunately, computer music memes are not replicating and spreading themselves much further than narrow technically specialised audiences. googletag.cmd.push(function() { { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, According to this account, then, the concept-wielding mind is a kind of social construction, brought into existence through the absorption of memes from the surrounding culture. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ei", "meme"); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}]}]; 1970s: from Greek mimēma ‘that which is imitated’, on the pattern of gene. However, now that the Internet has created a global community, memes can span countries and cultures across the world. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/meme"); pbjs.que.push(function() { if(!isPlusPopupShown()) { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, There are a ton of ways you can use a meme and popular ones will get shared around the internet. In Dawkins' conception of the term, it is "a unit of cultural transmission"—the cultural equivalent of a gene: Dawkins went on to describe what exactly the word was intended to refer to: This dictionary defines Dawkins' sense of meme as "an idea, behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture." { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, [count] 1. : an idea, behavior, style, or usage that spreads from one person to another in a culture. Translate Meme. ga('set', 'dimension2', "entryex"); { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, var mapping_rightslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); dfpSlots['rightslot2'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_rightslot2', [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_rightslot2').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot2).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, 'max': 3, (miːm ) noun. dfpSlots['leftslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_leftslot', [[120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_leftslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_leftslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'left').addService(googletag.pubads()); The concept of the Internet meme was first proposed by Mike Godwin in the June 1993 issue of Wired.In 2013, Dawkins characterized an Internet meme as being a meme deliberately altered by human creativity—distinguished from biological genes … Delivered to your inbox! { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, filterSettings: { meme synonyms, meme pronunciation, meme translation, English dictionary definition of meme. var pbMobileHrSlots = [ { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, syncDelay: 3000 if(pl_p) { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, Word Origin. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Image macro meme: A simple, expressive image with block text. ga('create', 'UA-31379-3',{cookieDomain:'dictionary.cambridge.org',siteSpeedSampleRate: 10}); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, ‘Here's a great post at The Community Engine on spreading and tracking your meme using tags.’. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var mapping_houseslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], [300, 250]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]] } }, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_dc", "english"); iasLog("exclusion label : lcp"); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, 1. an idea or element of social behaviour passed on through generations in a culture, esp by imitation. "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" 'min': 3.05, iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); A meme is an image or digital graphic on the internet that can be used for a variety of purposes. ‘Every cloud has a silver lining.’ (Idioms with weather words, Part 2), Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, The more a meme is spread, the greater the cultural influence it has. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, Word Pronounce: Store Favourite: Meme - meme. More example sentences. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, See 4 authoritative translations of Meme in English with example sentences and audio pronunciations. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, dfpSlots['houseslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [], 'ad_houseslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, Find 10 ways to say MEME, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. The advantages of precision and predictability conferred by these mathematical models are bought at the considerable price of sidestepping the distributed, relational processes through which memes are stored and evoked. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, In his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, British scientist Richard Dawkins defended his newly coined word meme, which he defined as "a unit of cultural transmission." {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, English to Latvian Meaning : Meme : meme. In this way, memes introduce new selectional forces and new kinds of variation into the cultural evolutionary process. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_l = en"); storage: { bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, name: "pbjs-unifiedid", iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = meme"); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, Isn't it simpler to posit that selection is taking place not at the level of groups of individuals, but at the level of memes themselves? (informal) > It's always the same. Having first considered, then rejected, "mimeme," he wrote: "‘Mimeme’ comes from a suitable Greek root, but I want a monosyllable that sounds a bit like ‘gene.’ I hope my classicist friends will forgive me if I abbreviate ‘mimeme’ to ‘meme.’" (The suitable Greek root was mim-, meaning "mime" or "mimic." iasLog("criterion : sfr = cdo_dict_english"); { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, noun. type: "cookie", var btScript = document.createElement('script'); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}]}]; "loggedIn": false meme (plural memes) Any unit of cultural information , such as a practice or idea , that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another in a comparable way to the transmission of genes . The scientist invented the neologism by shortening the Greek word mimeme, meaning "something which is imitated". What made you want to look up meme? var dfpSlots = {}; {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, In contrast, there is little theoretical analysis or experimental study of memes. le meme translation in French - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'même',mémère',membre',mémento', examples, definition, conjugation { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, }); de même que > just / right as (something happened) même que (familiar) > moreover. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [300, 250] }}, meme in British English. Biologist and evolutionary theorist Richard Dawkins invented the word meme … } All Free. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); ‘Adds a little context that makes particular sense if you have been … Memes synonyms, Memes pronunciation, Memes translation, English dictionary definition of Memes. 'increment': 0.05, Meme. params: { {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, var mapping_topslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], []).addSize([0, 550], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]]).build(); Thinking is an ever-creative process; no two instantiations of a, With respect to memetics, the authors are bothered by the lack of a clear definition of a. enableSendAllBids: false With Reverso you can find the French translation, definition or synonym for moi-même and thousands of other words. Memes do this through the processes of variation, mutation, competition, and inheritance, each of which influence a meme's reproductive success. {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, a cultural item that is transmitted by repetition and replication in a manner analogous to the biological transmission of genes.