It is disputed whether he should really be considered one of Confucius's disciples. Xiang], styled Xiang and Zi-xiang (顏祖 [al. 守], 乘 or 子乘), a native of Lu, whose tablet is next to that of No. [29] Confucius was pleased with him for his modesty and for his realistic assessments of himself and other people (Analects 5.6). T… xx, and in the Li Ji, XVIII. Yan Hui spoke last, saying "I should like to find an intelligent king and sage ruler whom I might assist. His violent death in Wei is accounted in the Zuo zhuan (480 BCE). 之 and 子]蜀, 子明). Following Confucius's death, many of the disciples built huts near their Master's grave, and mourned for him three years, but Zigong remained there, mourning alone for three years more. 47. Why need he receive such a valuable gift, as this from so great a distance?" [22], Zeng Shen [or Can] (曾參) was a native of South Wu in Lu, and 46 years younger than Confucius. If you cut it down and use it, you can send it through a rhinoceros's hide: what is the use of learning? His words command credence. [9] After studying with Confucius Ran Qiu took an official position working for the ministers who had usurped power in Lu, but did not himself have enough power or ability to influence his employers to follow a more ethical course of action (Analects 3.6). Although he was once imprisoned as a criminal, he was in fact innocent of any crime." His tablet is the 26th, east. His tablet in the Temple of Confucius follows Gongye's.[26]. Zi-suo and Zi-su] (罕 [al. Min Sun was one of Confucius's most favourite students. Be filial and kind, and they will be loyal. ", "Yes", said Confucius; "but if you feather it and point it with steel, will it not penetrate more deeply? He was 50 years younger than Confucius. Shi Zuo [al. If you have extra energy as you do that, then study literature.” – 1:7, A pupil asked Confucius, “If one is poor but does not curry favor, or is rich but not haughty, how would that be?”, Confucius said, “Fine, but not as good as one who is poor but takes pleasure in the Way, or one that is rich but still courteous.” – 1:15, Confucius said, “Exemplary people understand matters of justice; small people understand matters of profit.” – 1:16, Confucius said, “When government is done by virtue, it is like the North Star abiding in its position, with all the other stars surrounding it.” – 2:1, One of the elder statesmen of Lu asked Confucius, “How would it be to make the people serious and loyal, and thus enthusiastic?”, Confucius said, “Preside over them with dignity, and they will be serious. ", "Come to my Master," said Zigong, "and learn of him." This was the son, it is said, of Confucius's elder brother, the cripple Mang-pi. [33], Bo Qian (伯虔) was a native of Lu. The only thing known of him is from the Ana. But now the lessons of our Master have penetrated deeply into my mind. Confucius was born near the end of an era known in Chinese history as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–481 BCE).His home was in Lu, a regional state of eastern China in what is now central and southwestern Shandong province. One day, while taking his father out in a carriage, he almost succumbed to the cold. To be stingy in giving what is due to others; this is called being bureaucratic.” – 20:4, Charity Food Programs That Can End Hunger in America, Mission Possible: How You Can Start and Operate a Soup Kitchen, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0. Under her care, he was abused and mistreated. Some suppose that this is the same as No. Do not listen to what is not courteous. His courtesy name was Ziyou (子游). One was of a gentle nature and was called by all the students a peaceful man. 45. His courtesy name was Ziwo (子我). Wu]dan, styled Zi-jia (鄡 [al. He was 45 years younger than Confucius and lived to a great age, for in 406 BC (73 years after Confucius's death) he was recorded serving at the court of Prince Wan of Wei, to whom he gave copies of some of the classics. When they listen, they think of how to hear keenly. His courtesy name was Ziyou (子有). In the Temple of Confucius his tablet is placed on the second place on the west. If they would master themselves and return to courtesy the whole world would take to humaneness. In their demeanor, they think how to be respectful. 子偕 and 子楷]), a native of Wei, having his tablet the 18th, east. [31] Confucius praised him as being competent to entertain guests and visitors at court (Analects 5.8). My mother was unwilling that I should go, but Confucius said, 'Don't be anxious. In their work, they think how to be serious. It is the 33rd, west. 子顏]), a native of Lu, whose tablet is the 20th, west. But this seems doubtful. he fulfilled the two highest laws of Confucius in spirit and in letter. Cultivated people do not dare to be inconsiderate, whether of many or few, of the small or the great, of the young or of the old; is this not ease without haughtiness? Other authorities make his name Chan (產), and style him Zi-jing (子精). After hearing Yan Yui's answer, Confucius said, "How admirable is this virtue! . His courtesy names were Zigao (子羔) and Jigao (季羔). When Hui was 29, his hair turned completely white, and at age 32 he died. Pupils use the internet to answer questions about China. Followers of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disciples_of_Confucius&oldid=1012191794, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 02:37. Download as PDF, Confucius said, “To guide a state, be serious and faithful in its affairs; be economical and love the people, employing the citizens in season.” – 1:5, Confucius said, “Be dutiful at home, brotherly in public; be discreet and trustworthy, love all people, and draw near to humanity. Hui's place is on the east of the sage. [7], Ran Yong (冉雍) was of the same clan as Ran Geng, and 29 years younger than Confucius. [31], Liang Zhan (梁鱣), aka. The Analects is a collection of sayings and concepts that emanated from the tongue of Confucius. Zijian answered, "I employ men; you employ men's strength." He was 46 years younger than Confucius. His courtesy name was Ziyu (子羽). 53. His tablet was promoted to this position only relatively recently, in 1714 during the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty. asked Zi-lu. He was said to have composed and/or edited the Classic of Filial Piety under the direction of Confucius. His place is the 26th, west. analects). His courtesy names were Jici (季次) and Jichan (季沉). 穰] 駟赤, 子徒, or 子從), a native of Qin. Once, before he had met Confucius, Zishi met Zigong, who asked him "Have you not learned the Book of Poetry? His courtesy names were Niu (牛) and Shugeng (黍耕). Confucius said, “When Zihua went off, he was riding a well-fed horse and wearing light leather. It is on this account that I have that look of fullness and satisfaction." To examine accomplishments without having instructed; this is called brutality. A disciple asked Confucius about humaneness. Gongliang Ru, styled Zi-zheng (公良孺 [al. [2], Yan Hui (顏回) was a native of the Lu. Wherever the water in its overflow reaches, men take knowledge of it, while the fattening rain falls unobserved." Confucius said, “Love people.” – 12:22, Confucius said, “To be poor without bitterness is easy; to be rich without arrogance is hard.” – 14:11, Confucius said, “If you are exacting with yourself but forgiving to others, then you will put enmity at a distance.” – 15:15, Confucius said, “Cultivated people make justice their sustenance, and carry it out in an orderly manner; they set it forth with humility, and actualize it by faithfulness.” – 15:18. He stated “He who learns but does not think is lost. ... relations between teachers-pupils or rulers-peoples, etc. Yashima Gakutei (Japanese, 1786?–1868) xxxvii. [11] Later, it was by the influence of Ran Qiu that Confucius was finally able to return to Lu. In my serving of Confucius, I am like a thirsty man who goes with his pitcher to the river, and there he drinks his fill, without knowing the river's depth. Zeng Sichi, styled Zi-tu, or Zi-cong (壤 [al. In the Temple of Confucius his tablet is in the hall to Confucius's ancestors, where it is the first on the west side. His courtesy name was Lu (路). 64. Confucius said to give her a certain amount. When Zihua, one of the disciples of Confucius, went on a mission to another state, another disciple, Zhanzi, asked for some grain for Zihua’s mother. "[17] According to Zhu Xi, Zigong was a merchant who later became wealthy through his own efforts, and developed a sense of moral self-composure through the course of his work. A Story from Confucius ~ Folktale Stories for Kids A Folktale story from the philosopher Confucius, published in Chinese Fables and Folk Stories (1908), which explains losing one's temper and the art of self-control. He was distinguished for his moral purity and his love for his parents. According to Sima Qian, Confucius said: "The disciples who received my instructions, and could themselves comprehend them, were seventy-seven individuals. Confucius said, “You are humane if you can practice five things in the world: respectfulness, magnanimity, truthfulness, acuity, and generosity.” – 17:6, A certain pupil asked Confucius about government: “What qualifies one to participate in government?”, Confucius said, “Honor five refinements, and get rid of four evils. "There is a bamboo on the southern hill, which is straight itself without being bent. Confucius taught his pupils a set of _____for proper living. His tablet is the 25th, east. Cong], styled Zi-you, Zi-qi and Zi-wen (漆雕徒父 [al. [19], Duke Ching of Qi once asked Zigong how Confucius was to be ranked as a sage, and he replied, "I do not know. As stated in The Analects, Confucius believed that social harmony would naturally follow from … His title was fixed in AD 1530 to be 'The Ancient Scholar,' but in 1642 it was raised to that of 'Ancient Worthy.' His courtesy namewas Ziyuan (子淵). Zigong said that he was "respectful to the old and kind to the young; attentive to guests and visitors; fond of learning and skilled in many arts; diligent in his examination of things. After studying with him, Confucius later praised Zilu as his having exceptional administrative ability and being capable of handling duties of national importance (Analects 5.8). The above are the only names and surnames of those of the disciples who now share in the sacrifices to the sage. Gou] Jing-qiang [and simply Jing], styled Zi-qiang [al. "[3], Yan Hui was very introverted. Shi Zhichang, styled Zi-hang [al. His tablet follows that of No. The Maojing is said to contain his philosophical views. 從], 子有 [al. The Analects of Confucius is an anthology of brief passages that present the words of Confucius and his disciples, describe Confucius as a man, and recount some of the events of his life. He was 40 years younger than Confucius. [16], Zai Yu is not portrayed well in the Analects. 64. He was also associated with transmission of the Great Learning. 48. 22; Gongwang Zhiqiu (公罔之裘) and Xu Dian (序點), mentioned in the Li Ji, XLIII. The teacher said, “To comfort the elderly, deal faithfully with friends, and care for the young.” – 5:26. In the Temple of Confucius his tablet is on the east side, following that of Yan Xing. His courtesy name was Ziyu (子輿 or 子與). 39. 61. Kui [al. 62. Gongzu Gouzi or simply Zi, styled Zi-zhi (公祖勾茲 [or simply 茲], 子之), a native of Lu. Zhu [al. His nativity is assigned to Lu, to Wei, and to Jin (晉). After leaving Confucius, Zigong served in high offices in both in Lu and Wei, and finally died in Qi. Confucius's sayings brought together by his pupils shortly after his death in 497 BC. 49. Yan Gao, styled Zi-jiao (顏高, 子驕). See No. He eventually returned to his native state of Lu, where he attempted to influence the ruler but the Duke of Lu had no use for the teachings of Confucius. Yan Zhipo, styled Zi-shu [or simply Shu] (顏之僕, 子叔 [or simply 叔]), a native of Lu, who occupies the 29th place, east. When Zixia died, his son wept so greatly it is said that he became blind. The work is therefore titled Lunyu meaning "edited conversations" or "selected speeches" (i.e. [26] In Analects 11:25 Zeng Dian is portrayed as a musician whose modest political aspirations are similar to those of Confucius himself. Could he find a prince really anxious to rule according to them, he would walk on foot to his court and be glad to do so. "I was 38 before I had a son, and my mother was then about to take another wife for me, when the Master proposed sending me to Qi. Confucius once traveled to Nang Hill with three of his favourite students, Hui, Zilu, and Zigong, and asked them each to tell him their different aims, after which he would choose between them. How did you know that it would rain? In Counfucius' teac… I felt a pleasure in his instructions; but when I went abroad, and saw the people in authority, with their umbrellas and banners, and all the pomp and circumstance of their trains, I also felt pleasure in that show. Kong Zhong, styled Zi-mie (孔忠, 子蔑). 58. Statements On and About Hunger, Helping, and Charity 61. Bettmann / Getty Images. He spent a great amount of energy escaping from the negative influence of his brother. Ren Buji, styled Xuan (任不齊, 選), a native of Chu, whose tablet is next to that of No. I could not determine which to prefer, and so I wore that look of distress. His son and his most promising pupils had died before him and it seemed that his teachings would not take root. 噲], 子期), a native of Lu, or, according to Zhang Xuan, of Jin. ), but also is useful in law and justice, for reconciling kings/kingdoms, for reconciling enemies and sealing covenants between rulers or clans. Do you think humaneness derives from oneself, or from others?”, The disciple asked for an outline. 相], 襄 and 子襄), a native of Lu, with his tablet following that of No. When his father learned what had happened, he went back to throw his wife out of the house. He was first associated with the sacrifices to Confucius in 668 AD, but in 1267 he was advanced to be one of the sage's four Assessors. He said, “The teacher’s way is just being faithful and considerate.” – 4:15, Confucius said. 76. 28. [8] In the Temple of Confucius his tablet follows that of Shang Zhu. 55. [15] Zilu's tablet is now the fourth, to the east, from those of the Assessors. He worked as a keeper of a market. His courtesy name was Zishi (子石). 59. Gong Yu], styled Zi-zhong (公肩 [al. It is not so, however, in regard to the 52 which follow.'. Yan Zu [al. The significant majority are secondary schools. His real motives may have been a desire to do Justice to the merits of Ziruo, and to restore the symmetry of the tablets in the "Hall of the Great and Complete One", which had been disturbed by the introduction of the tablet of Zhu Xi during the Yongzheng era of the Qing dynasty. Some take Shizuo (石作) as a double surname. When Confucius heard of his success, he confessed how he had been led by his bad looks to misjudge him. Shen Dang, styled Zhou (申黨, 周). His entrance into the temple was under the Qing. He is represented as an extensively well-read and exacting scholar but one without great comprehension of mind. "Do not do so," said Shang Zhu to him. 牢], 子開), a native of Wei. Chinese legends and folklore later attributed to him the ability to talk with birds and other animals. 50. According to the 'Narratives of the School,' he was the same as Yan Ke (刻, or 剋), who drove the carriage when Confucius rode in Wei after the duke and Nan-zi. ", Zilu bowed twice, and said, "I will reverently receive your instructions. This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars, for example the Song dyna… [23], Tantai Mieming (澹臺滅明) as a native of Wu-chang. [16], Duanmu Ci (端木賜) was a native of Wei, and 31 years younger than Confucius. He taught many students, though, and this proved to be his legacy. 44. He was 30 years younger than Confucius. Qin Fei, styled Zi-zhi (秦非, 子之), a native of Lu, having his tablet the 31st, west. Confucius was born in the state of Lu. 46. His stepmother, during winter, would line her own sons' clothes with warm cotton, while she would line his clothes with weeds. [29], You Ruo (有若) was a native of Lu, but Chinese historians do not agree on his age. [29], In the Temple of Confucius, the tablet of Ziruo is now the sixth on the east side, among "The Wise Ones". Little is known about him, except that he was a scholar of the Shujing. He is not given in the list of the 'Narratives of the School,' and on this account his tablet was put out of the temples in the ninth year of Jiajing. His stepmother was touched by his kindness and never mistreated him again. Yan Hui (顏回) was a native of the Lu. Upholding the ideals of wisdom, self-knowledge, courage and love of one's fellow man, he argued that Zeng Dian (曾蒧/點) was the father of Zeng Shan. By Robert Andre´Lafleur, Ph.D., Beloit College For Confucius, learning was a powerful joint effort between teacher and student, and he only wanted students who wanted to be there. Yu replied, "My Master is a man who would rejoice in a government where right principles were carried out, and can find his joy in himself when that is not the case. 子禽]), a native of Ch'an. [29], Sima Geng (司馬耕) was a great talker and a native of Song. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.” (Analects 2.15) In his own teachings, Confucius did not expound, but rather used asked questions of his pupils and used analogies to classic texts. The first emperor of the Han dynasty sacrificed to both him and Confucius. He was Confucius's favorite student, and was younger than Confucius by 30 years. in the Temple of Confucius his tablet is placed on the second, east, in the outer court, beyond that of the "Assessors" and "Wise Ones". The 'Sacrificial Canon' says:-- 'Zi-zheng was a man of worth and bravery. He was either 29 or 39 years younger than Confucius. On one occasion, when Confucius was about to set out with a company of the disciples on a journey, he told them to take umbrellas. 73. This is understood to be the same with the Xue Bang, styled Zi-cong (薛邦, 子從), of the 'Narratives of the School.' He is one of the Confucius's students most commonly referred to in the Analects, also appearing in Analects 9.6, 9.13, 11.13, 13.20, 14.17, and 17.19. His title, "Exhibitor of the Fundamental Principles of the Sage", dates from the period of Jiajing, when he was associated with Yan Hui. Confucius commended him for refusing to accept employment with any of the noble families who had gained power through usurpation, choosing instead to endure severe poverty rather than sacrifice his principles. Mu Pi (牧皮), mentioned by Mencius, VII. He was noted among Confucius's students for his versatile abilities and many talents. Zi-zhe and Zhe-zhi] (狄黑, 晢 [al. Attack your own evils, not those of others; is this not purging evil?” – 12:21, A disciple asked Confucius about humaneness. Confucius said, “To master oneself and return to courtesy is humaneness. They are deferential in their own conduct, respectful in their service of employers, generous in taking care of people, and just in employing the people.” – 5:16, Confucius said, “I consider it shameful to be glib, to put on a commanding appearance, or to be fawning. And the teachings were collected and compiled by his pupils after his death in the booked termed as ?The Analects of Confucius?. Qin Shang, styled Zi-pei [al. Speaking the truth to any man is a major theme pushed by Confucius throughout the last half of the analects. [31], Wuma Shi (巫馬施), aka. He, with nearly all the disciples whose names follow, first had a place assigned to him in the sacrifices to Confucius in 739 AD. Qin Ran, styled Kai (秦冉, 開), a native of Cai. "[5] The eleventh chapter of the Analects was traditionally attributed to his disciples.[6]. His tablet was displaced under the Ming, but has been restored by the Qing. Confucius died in 479 B.C., a disappointed man. 40. His tablet is the 13th, west. His tablet is the 24th east. [29], Fan Xu (樊須) was either a native of Qi or Lu. His courtesy name was Zhonggong (仲弓). In the Temple of Confucius, he is placed in the fifth west position, among "The Wise Ones". Yan Kuai, styled Zi-sheng (顏噲, 子聲), a native of Lu. Chan Kang, styled Zi-kang [al. He was noted for his purity and modesty, and for his happiness in the principles of the Master while suffering deep poverty. Confucius taught a moral wisdom that would become a predominant social force in China from the second century BCE until the mid-twentieth century. His courtesy name was Xi (皙). He follows No. 66. Zai]-fu Hei, styled Zi-hei [al. [19], When he first came to Confucius he quickly demonstrated an ability to grasp Confucius's basic points, and refined himself further through Confucius's education. ", "Of what advantage would learning be to me?" His courtesy name was Zixia (子夏). He trained my mind to filial piety, and set before me the examples of the ancient kings. He was either 36 or 46 years younger than Confucius. 50. "[13] Confucius admired Zilu for his courage, but was concerned that he might lack other virtues (such as good judgement) that would have balanced this courage, potentially turning Zilu's courage into a vice (Analects 5.7; see also 8.2, 17.8, and 17.23). 71. Sect. His tablet is the 12th, east. Other than Confucius himself, the most venerated Confucians are the "Four Sages" or "Correlates" and the "Twelve Philosophers". My parents require me to be filial; my brothers require me to be submissive; and my friends require me to be sincere. His place is next to that of No. 65. He was younger than Confucius by 54 years. .. eNotes critical analyses help you gain a deeper understanding of I, Mencius, Pupil of the Master . 子尚]), a native of Lu. Xin], styled Zi-sheng (樂欬, [al. Qian], styled Zi-li [al. [20] The fifth chapter of the Analects was traditionally attributed to his disciples. Prior to the Ming dynasty they were sacrificed to as two, but in AD 1530, the name dang was expunged from the sacrificial list, and only that of Chang left. Shi] Chu [al. The 'Narratives of the School' makes him Yuan Kang (抗), styled Ji. He had a bad father, but the Master declared that this was not to be counted against him, to detract from his admitted excellence. In the Temple of Confucius his tablet is the first on the east side in the same hall as Zeng Dian. He became Confucius's disciple when he was very young. Qidiao Chi, styled Zi-lian (漆雕哆 [al. 82. Yan He, styled Ran (顏何, 冉), a native of Lu. Confucius once traveled to Nang Hill with three of his favourite students, Hui, Zilu, and Zigong, and asked them each to tell him their different aims, after which he would choose between them. 祈], 子旗 or 子祺 [al. 堅]定 [al. 74. Hold fast these two things, and do not swerve from them. [26], Gao Chai (高柴) was either a native of Qi or Wei. Could it be called humaneness?”, Confucius said, “One would not only be humane; one would surely be a sage. The ruling class thinks of punishment, the lower classes hope for benevolence.” – 4:11, Confucius said, “If you act on the basis of profit, you will be much resented.” – 4:12 Confucius said to a disciple, “My way is permeated by unity!” The disciple said, “Yes.” When Confucius had left, the students asked the disciple what the teacher had meant. Confucius is credited with writing or editing several works during his lifetime, categorized as the Five Classics and the Four Books. One was of a gentle nature and was called by all the students a peaceful man. There should be no sunderings of families, no widows or widowers. I would diffuse among the people instructions on the five great points, and lead them on by the rules of propriety and music, so that they should not care to fortify their cities by walls and moats, but would fuse their swords and spears into implements of agriculture. His courtesy name was Ziqian (子騫). Zi-qin] (陳亢, 子亢 [al. 60. ", Confucius replied, "The moon last evening was in the constellation Pi, and is it not said in the Shijing, 'When the moon is in Pi, there will be heavy rain?' 儒], 子正), a native of Qin, follows the preceding in the temples. His tablet is the next to that of No. Promote the good, instruct the unskilled, and they will be enthusiastic.” – 2:20, Confucius said, “If people are not humane, what is the use of rites? He was either 30 or 40 years younger than Confucius, and was dwarfish and ugly but very intelligent and talented. His wish is to rouse and put them in motion. Those who wish to exhaust the subject, mention in addition, on the authority of Zuo Qiuming, Zhongsun Heji (仲孫何忌), a son of Meng Xizi (孟僖子), and Zhongsun Shuo (仲孫說), little brother of Zhongsun Heji, supposed by many to be the same with No. To be lax in direction yet make deadlines; this is called viciousness. 里之]), a native of Qi, having his tablet the 17th, east. Jiao [al. Yan Wuyou (顏無繇) was the father of Yan Hui, and was younger than Confucius by only six years. May I think that it is going to be the former with me to-day"? His courtesy name was Ziqi (子期 or 子旗). chang] (施之常, 子恆 [al. His tablet comes after that of No. His place in the Temple of Confucius is second among "The Wise Ones", to the west. He is considered the first of the Four Assessors, the most senior disciple of Confucius. His courtesy name was Zijian (子賤). II. His courtesy name was Zixun (子循). Respect for superiors and respect for _____ by their children was a large part of his teachings. He was the same age as Rong Yong. Most of the seventy-two students began studying with Confucius when they were children. 78. Many of their biographies are recorded in the Sima Qian's Shiji. Lin Fang, styled Zi-qiu (林放, 字子邱), a native of Lu. Confucius then married his daughter to him. His courtesy name was Ziyuan (子淵). 44. 26. Confucius later commended Zai Yu for this reply. After Zilu's answer, Confucius said, "It … Discussion of themes and motifs in Charles Olson's I, Mencius, Pupil of the Master . Zhan took this advice; and, two years later, he had a son. [24], Yuan Xian (原憲) was either a native of Song; or, according to Zhang Xuan, of Lu. His tablet is next to that of No. After Zigong's answer, Confucius said, "It shows your discriminating eloquence." He took service in Qi, and was the chief magistrate governing the Qi capital of Linzi.
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