[71] However, many providers do not consistently provide screening and appropriate follow-up. Postpartum depression usually begins within the first month after childbirth, but it can begin during pregnancy or for up to a year after birth. As the child grows older, postpartum depression can lead to the child experiencing irregularities in cognitive processes, behaviors, and emotions. Yet there is still a strong stigma surrounding postpartum depression (PPD), which often makes mothers feel ashamed about sharing the symptoms they are experiencing and getting the help they need to feel better. Archives of Women's Mental Health. When you're sleep deprived and overwhelmed, you may have trouble handling even minor problems. Als Baby Blues (Postpartum Blues) bezeichnet man die psychische Empfindlichkeit, die sich bei vielen Frauen wenige Tage nach der Geburt einstellt. Below is a link for dad's suffering from Most new moms experience postpartum "baby blues" after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Andrea Yates, a former nurse, became pregnant for the first time in 1976. If you have a history of depression — especially postpartum depression — tell your doctor if you're planning on becoming pregnant or as soon as you find out you're pregnant. Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes. Postpartum Support International www.postpartum.net June 2013 Page 4 DSM-IV Introduction of the Postpartum Onset Specifier Major Depressive Disorder with postpartum onset was not recognized in the DSM until the publication of the DSM-IV in 1994. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. If you suspect that a friend or loved one has postpartum depression or is developing postpartum psychosis, help them seek medical attention immediately. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression. If you're feeling depressed after your baby's birth, you may be reluctant or embarrassed to admit it. Dabei wird auf die Definition, die Prävalenz sowie die Ursachen postpartaler De-pressionen eingegangen. But it can also result in something you might not expect — depression. Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017. If you're a new father and are experiencing symptoms of depression or anxiety during your partner's pregnancy or in the first year after your child's birth, talk to your health care professional. However, it has been found that these diseases do not increase risk for postpartum depression. Ängstliche Depression (leicht oder nicht F53.- Psychische oder Verhaltensstörungen im Wochenbett, anderenorts nicht klassifiziert, anderenorts nicht klassifiziert Depression: postnatal o.n.A. [8], One of the strongest predictors of paternal PPD is having a partner who has PPD, with fathers developing PPD 50% of the time when their female partner has PPD. The mother can be cured with the help of a shaman, who performs a séance to force the spirits to leave.[115]. [67] It may be a form of bipolar disorder. [90], Some studies show that hormone therapy may be effective in women with PPD, supported by the idea that the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels post-delivery contribute to depressive symptoms. Accessed June 7, 2018. [82][83], Treatment for mild to moderate PPD includes psychological interventions or antidepressants. [73] If the new mother scores 13 or more, she likely has PPD and further assessment should follow. Accessed June 7, 2018. [36] Despite the biological and psychosocial changes that may accompany pregnancy and the postpartum period, most women are not diagnosed with PPD. [51], These above factors are known to correlate with PPD. This correlation does not mean these factors are causal. [104] Hippocrates' ideas still linger in how postpartum depression is seen today. In: Guidelines for Perinatal Care. [65], About half of women who experience postpartum psychosis have no risk factors; but a prior history of mental illness, especially bipolar disorder, a history of prior episodes of postpartum psychosis, or a family history put some at a higher risk. Fathers who are young, have a history of depression, experience relationship problems or are struggling financially are most at risk of postpartum depression. Viguera A. Postpartum depression: Risk of abnormal child development. Women with fewer resources indicate a higher level of postpartum depression and stress than those women with more resources, such as financial. Postpartum psychosis: Madness, mania, and melancholia in motherhood. [61] It is important to note that the research reviewed only looked at violence experienced by women from male perpetrators, but did not consider violence inflicted on men or women by women. According to the DSM-5, a manual used to diagnose mental disorders, PPD is a form of major depression that has its onset within four weeks after delivery. Als Wochenbettdepression wird eine Sonderform der depressiven Störung bezeichnet, die bis zu 24 Monate nach der Entbindung bei der Mutter auftreten kann. The lowering of a part, such as the mandible. Physical changes. Postpartum depression definition is - a feeling of deep sadness, anxiety, etc., that a woman feels after giving birth to a child. While the causes of PPD are not understood, a number of factors have been suggested to increase the risk: Of these risk factors a history of depression, and cigarette smoking have been shown to have additive effects. Accessed June 7, 2018. Postpartum depression may lead mothers to be inconsistent with childcare. There may also be a link between postpartum depression and anti-thyroid antibodies. Der Baby Blues beginnt einige Tage nach der Geburt. [88] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. This led to her believing that her children needed to be saved, and that by killing them, she could rescue their eternal souls. → Über facebook informieren wir Sie über Neues auf unseren Seiten! Die Postpartale Depression ist nicht dasselbe wie der Baby Blues. [2] While most women experience a brief period of worry or unhappiness after delivery, postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and last over two weeks. In 460 B.C., Hippocrates wrote about puerperal fever, agitation, delirium, and mania experienced by women after child birth. [98], As of 2013 it is unclear if acupuncture, massage, bright lights, or taking omega-3 fatty acids are useful. Definition of postpartum depression in the Definitions.net dictionary. Berg AR, et al. Perinatal depression is depression that occurs during or after pregnancy. The decrease of a vital function such as respiration. The birth of a baby can trigger a jumble of powerful emotions, from excitement and joy to fear and anxiety. [1], Among those at risk, providing psychosocial support may be protective in preventing PPD. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. [54] Women with fewer resources may be more likely to have an unintended or unwanted pregnancy, increasing risk of PPD. 2. While there is discussion of postpartum depression in fathers, there is no formal diagnosis for postpartum depression in fathers. [54], Migration away from a cultural community of support can be a factor in PPD. Accessed June 7, 2018. [75][76] These interventions included home visits, telephone-based peer support, and interpersonal psychotherapy. Seek help from your primary care provider or other health care professional. If you have symptoms that suggest you may have postpartum psychosis, get help immediately. [58], A correlation between postpartum thyroiditis and postpartum depression has been proposed but remains controversial. Postpartum depression in fathers ― sometimes called paternal postpartum depression ― can have the same negative effect on partner relationships and child development as postpartum depression in mothers can. New fathers can experience postpartum depression, too. [88] There is evidence which suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective treatment for PPD. Delirium typically includes a loss of awareness or inability to pay attention. Postpartum depression isn't a character flaw or a weakness. Postnatal depression needs to be properly diagnosed and managed by a trained healthcare professional. [84] Light aerobic exercise has been found to be useful for mild and moderate cases. [62] Nevertheless, the majority of experts continue to diagnose postpartum depression as depression with onset anytime within the first year after delivery. The criteria include at least five of the following nine symptoms, within a two-week period:[62], Postpartum blues, commonly known as "baby blues," is a transient postpartum mood disorder characterized by milder depressive symptoms than postpartum depression. [30] Understanding the neuroendocrinology characteristic of PPD has proven to be particularly challenging given the erratic changes to the brain and biological systems during pregnancy and postpartum. Accessed June 7, 2018. a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Treatment of postpartum depression: clinical, psychological and pharmacological options", "Therapist-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Stress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", "Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression", "Postpartum VTE Risk Highest Soon After Birth", "Bench-to-bedside: NIMH research leads to brexanolone, first-ever drug specifically for postpartum depression", "Press Announcements - FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression", "FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression", "FDA Antidepressant Drug Labels for Pregnant and Postpartum Women", "FDA Prescribing Information for Brexanolone", "Economic and Health Predictors of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of 291 Studies from 56 Countries", "Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms - 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012", "Women and hysteria in the history of mental health", "Shedding More Light on Postpartum Depression – PR News", 10.1002/1520-6696(196701)3:1<99::AID-JHBS2300030129>3.0.CO;2-2, "The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman", "Perinatal depression: a review of US legislation and law", "Continuing education module: postpartum maternal health care in the United States: a critical review", "Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet", Other specified feeding or eating disorder, Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postpartum_depression&oldid=1014634514, Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Persistent sadness, anxiousness or "empty" mood, Frustration, irritability, restlessness, anger, Feeling inadequate in taking care of the baby, Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities, Diminished ability to make decisions and think clearly, Fear that you can not care for the baby or fear of the baby, Worry about harming self, baby, or partner, A personal or family history of depression, Stressful life events experienced during pregnancy, Poor marital relationship or single marital status, A lack of strong emotional support from spouse, partner, family, or friends, Administration of labor-inducing medication synthetic, Feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, nearly every day, for most of the day or the observation of a depressed mood made by others, Loss of interest or pleasure in activities, Loss of concentration or increased indecisiveness, Recurrent thoughts of death, with or without plans of suicide, This page was last edited on 28 March 2021, at 07:03. Allopregnanolone levels drop after giving birth, which may lead to women becoming depressed and anxious. Mothers who have had several previous children without suffering PPD can nonetheless suffer it with their latest child. [80] In 2018, 24% of areas in the UK have no access to perinatal mental health specialist services. Endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth, The Boston Women's Health Book Collective: Our Bodies Ourselves, pages 489–491, New York: Touchstone Book, 2005, WebMD: Understanding Post Partum Depression. In the story, an unnamed woman journals her life when she is treated by her physician husband, John, for hysterical and depressive tendencies after the birth of their baby. Severe postpartum unipolar major depression: Treatment. Hebammen die Depression lange nicht wahrnehmen bzw. Häufigkeit:Prävalenz ca. [18][19], Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. ; Peripartum depression is fatigue that a woman experiences during pregnancy or within four weeks of giving birth. The risk of postpartum episodes with psychotic features is particularly increased for women with prior postpartum mood … She drowned her children one by one over the course of an hour, by holding their heads under water in their family bathtub. Pediatrics. [112], Malay culture holds a belief in Hantu Meroyan; a spirit that resides in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Father's suffer from postpartum too. Traurigkeit, Erschöpfung, Ängste, Appetit- und Schlafstörungen zählen zu den Symptomen, mitunter kommen auch Zwangsgedanken hinzu, wie sich selbst oder dem Kind etwas antun zu … British term postnatal depression ‘Mothers who suffered postpartum depression are more likely to … Women are not to blame or at fault for having perinatal depression: it is not brought on by anything a mother has or has not done. [9], Oxytocin has been shown to be an effective anxiolytic and in some cases antidepressant treatment in men and women. [74], A 2013 Cochrane review found evidence that psychosocial or psychological intervention after childbirth helped reduce the risk of postnatal depression. [57] These higher rates of PPD in lesbian/bisexual mothers may reflect less social support, particularly from their families of origin and additional stress due to homophobic discrimination in society. iCBT may be beneficial for mothers who have limitations in accessing in person CBT. [39] Most antidepressants are excreted in breast milk in low quantities which can have adverse effect on babies. 2018;12:221. [66] It is different from postpartum depression and from maternity blues. [81], Preventative treatment with antidepressants may be considered for those who have had PPD previously.
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