Geschichtsträchtige Protestaktion: Gandhis Salzmarsch. Great patches of blood widened on their white clothes. Unpopular forest laws were defied in the Maharashtra, Karnataka and Central Provinces. März 1930. As the sovereignty and self-rule movement is essentially for the poorest in the land, the beginning will be made with this evil. It was the first time the two held talks on equal terms,[82] and resulted in the Gandhi–Irwin Pact. From where I stood I heard the sickening whacks of the clubs on unprotected skulls. I thus began to call the Indian movement Satyagraha, that is to say, the Force which is born of Truth and Love or nonviolence, and gave up the use of the phrase "passive resistance", in connection with it, so much so that even in English writing we often avoided it and used instead the word "satyagraha" ...[25]. Only a change brought about in our political condition by pure means can lead to real progress."[24]. Gandhi picked up grains of salt at the end of his march. Der zierliche Mann lief auch mitten im Schweizer Dezember des Jahres 1931 nur in einfachen Sand… In reaction, the British government arrested over sixty thousand people by the end of the month. For the first time in … The Viceroy himself, Lord Irwin, did not take the threat of a salt protest seriously, writing to London, "At present the prospect of a salt campaign does not keep me awake at night."[18]. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (gudžaratiksi મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, 2. lokakuuta 1869 Porbandar, Intia – 30. tammikuuta 1948 New Delhi, Intia), tavallisesti kutsuttu nimellä Mahatma Gandhi oli Intian itsenäisyysliikkeen johtaja. Välj mellan premium Mahatma Gandhi av högsta kvalitet. [31] The Salt March was also called the White Flowing River because all the people were joining the procession wearing white khadi. Mahatma Gandhi. Ee Grond méi fir den indesche Friddenskämpfer Mahatma Gandhi um 12. [85] However, even though British authorities were again in control by the mid-1930s, Indian, British, and world opinion increasingly began to recognise the legitimacy of claims by Gandhi and the Congress Party for sovereignty and self-rule. Mahatma Gandhi . Der Salzmarsch war die spektakulärste Kampagne, die Gandhi während seines Kampfes um Unabhängigkeit initiierte. Gandhis Salzmarsch. At the finale in Dandi, the prime minister of India, Dr Manmohan Singh, greeted the marchers and promised to build an appropriate monument at Dandi to commemorate the marchers and the historical event. 5 1 1. Die jährliche Veranstaltung in Durban ehrt den Marsch, der im Jahr 1930 in Indien während, die Gandhi, gewaltfreien Protest gegen die britische Salzsteuer aufgetreten vorgeschlagen, freies Indien von der britischen Kontrolle zu helfen. "[20] He then boiled it in seawater, producing illegal salt. The British ordered troops of 2/18 battalion of Royal Garhwal Rifles to open fire with machine guns on the unarmed crowd, killing an estimated 200–250. [11] (Literally in Sanskrit, purna, "complete," swa, "self," raj, "rule," so therefore "complete self-rule".) 12 10 6. 33 16 4. Mahatma Gandhi Portrait. The satyagraha against the salt tax continued for almost a year, ending with Gandhi's release from jail and negotiations with Viceroy Lord Irwin at the Second Round Table Conference. ", "Correspondence came under censorship, the Congress and its associate organizations were declared illegal, and their funds made subject to seizure. Page and volume nos. Der Himalaya, das höchste Gebirge der Welt, bildet die Grenze zum Norden. Weil jede Form der Salzgewinnung, des Salztransports und des Salzhandels den Briten vorbehalten war, wurden an die 50.000 Inder in der Folge verhaftet, darunter fast alle Führer der Kongresspartei Indiens, was den Erfolg der Aktion außergewöhnlich beschleunigte. Danach durften die Inder ihr Salz selbst aus dem Meer gewinnen. Gandhi felt that this would bring the poor into the struggle for sovereignty and self-rule, necessary for eventual victory. As president of the Indian National Congress and the first woman governor of free India, she was a fervent advocate for India, avidly mobilizing support for the Indian independence movement. Duerch d'Verduebelung vun der Salzsteier si virun allem Bauere vum Subkontinent immens getraff ginn. 70 63 13. [34], For the march itself, Gandhi wanted the strictest discipline and adherence to satyagraha and ahimsa. Am 5. are not identical with the original print version of the 1960's-1990's. The twenty four day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. Hos Adlibris hittar du miljontals böcker och produkter inom mahatma gandhi Vi har ett brett sortiment av böcker, garn, leksaker, pyssel, sällskapsspel, dekoration och mycket mer för en inspirerande vardag. On 2 March 1930 Gandhi wrote to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, offering to stop the march if Irwin met eleven demands, including reduction of land revenue assessments, cutting military spending, imposing a tariff on foreign cloth, and abolishing the salt tax. Mahatma Gandhi mit seinen Anhängern Quelle: dpa. The event was known as the "International Walk for Justice and Freedom". Dort kam er 24 Tage später an und hob als Symbolhandlung einige Körner Salz auf, um damit gegen das britische Salzmonopol zu demonstrieren. Den framstående pacifistledaren har haft en avsevärd påverkan på vårt sätt att tänka, med sin spiritualitet, enkelhet och filosofi om icke-vålds. Gandhi startete mit 78 Begleitern. [23] He wrote, "If the means employed are impure, the change will not be in the direction of progress but very likely in the opposite. [45][46] The first day's march of 21 km ended in the village of Aslali, where Gandhi spoke to a crowd of about 4,000. The Salt March to Dandi, and the beating by British police of hundreds of nonviolent protesters in Dharasana, which received worldwide news coverage, demonstrated the effective use of civil disobedience as a technique for fighting social and political injustice. Der „Salzmarsch“ Eine weitere Aktion, durch welche Gandhi noch berühmter wurde, ist der Salzmarsch. Most of them were between the ages of 20 and 30. It was clear that though only men were allowed within the march, that both men and women were expected to forward work that would help dissolve the salt laws. However, Gandhi had sound reasons for his decision. Archivbild Quelle: dpa. Damit protestierte er symbolisch dagegen, dass nur Briten der Salzhand… [77] United Press correspondent Webb Miller reported that: Not one of the marchers even raised an arm to fend off the blows. "[73] Though women did become involved in the march, it was clear that Gandhi saw women as still playing a secondary role within the movement, but created the beginning of a push for women to be more involved in the future. Es war ein einfallsreicher Protest gegen das Salzmonopol der britischen Kolonialmacht. The obstacles started when he was a child in South Africa where he was discriminated for being an Indian immigrant. The declaration included the readiness to withhold taxes, and the statement: We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. Reasons abound as to why the prize had eluded him for so long. [36] Events at each village were scheduled and publicised in Indian and foreign press.[37]. He created a temporary ashram near Dandi. The entire platoon was arrested and many received heavy penalties, including life imprisonment. When they reached the railhead at Dandi, more than 50,000 were gathered. Der Salzmarsch oder die Salz-Satyagraha von 1930 war eine Kampagne Mahatma Gandhis, die das Salzmonopol der Briten brechen sollte und letztlich zur Unabhängigkeit Indiens von Großbritannien führte. The Dandi March and the ensuing Dharasana Satyagraha drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement through extensive newspaper and newsreel coverage. 14.000-Kilometer-Marsch für Mahatma Gandhi startet. Unlike his suspension of satyagraha after violence broke out during the Non-co-operation movement, this time Gandhi was "unmoved". Around midnight of 4 May, as Gandhi was sleeping on a cot in a mango grove, the District Magistrate of Surat drove up with two Indian officers and thirty heavily armed constables. He implored his thousands of followers to likewise begin making salt along the seashore, "wherever it is convenient" and to instruct villagers in making illegal, but necessary, salt. Namatay: 30 Enero 1948 (sa edad na 78) Bagong Delhi, Unyon ng India. [39], As mentioned earlier, the Viceroy held any prospect of a "salt protest" in disdain. Februar 2021 um 12:50 Uhr bearbeitet. The government was also complicit in a sustained attack on trade unionism in India,[65] an attack that Sumit Sarkar has described as "a massive capitalist and government counter-offensive" against workers' rights. Lebenslauf des Mahatma Gandhi Autor: Eva Stahl, 02/2001 • 2. März 1930 hatte sich Mahatma Gandhi mit einer Schar von Mitstreitern aus seinem Ashram auf den rund 200 Meilen langen Weg zum Meer gemacht. [17], The civil disobedience in 1930 marked the first time women became mass participants in the struggle for freedom. [27] Gandhi later claimed that success at Bardoli confirmed his belief in satyagraha and Swaraj: "It is only gradually that we shall come to know the importance of the victory gained at Bardoli ... Bardoli has shown the way and cleared it. [70] Gandhi had asked that only men take part in the salt march, but eventually women began manufacturing and selling salt throughout India. [citation needed], Initially, Gandhi's choice of the salt tax was met with incredulity by the Working Committee of the Congress,[15] Jawaharlal Nehru and Dibyalochan Sahoo were ambivalent; Sardar Patel suggested a land revenue boycott instead. Gandhi startete mit 78 Begleitern. Salzmarschs beginnt der Führer der indischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, Mahatma Gandhi, am Golf Cambay mit der Salzgewinnung. [50] To keep up their spirits, the marchers used to sing the Hindu bhajan Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram while walking. Mahatma Gandhi föddes den 2 oktober år 1869 i Porbandar i Gujara, Indien, och mördades den 30 januari 1948 i New Dehli, Indien. The march gathered more people as it gained momentum, but the following list of names consists of Gandhi himself and the first 78 marchers who were with Gandhi from the beginning of the Dandi March until the end. Mahatma Gandhi was a prominent Indian political leader who was a leading figure in the campaign for Indian independence. Mahatma Gandhi Statue. Those struck down fell sprawling, unconscious or writhing in pain with fractured skulls or broken shoulders. [86] The Satyagraha campaign of the 1930s also forced the British to recognise that their control of India depended entirely on the consent of the Indians – Salt Satyagraha was a significant step in the British losing that consent.[87]. His first significant attempt in India at leading mass satyagraha was the non-cooperation movement from 1920 to 1922. [68], While Gandhi marched along India's west coast, his close associate C. Rajagopalachari, who would later become sovereign India's first Governor-General, organized the Vedaranyam salt march in parallel on the east coast. Mahatma Gandhi was an empowering leader no only because he empowered all Indians on a salt march to corrupt the British economic system. It was the first act of organized opposition to British rule after en:Purna Swaraj, the declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress. Another reason for this march was that the Civil Disobedience Movement needed a strong inauguration that would inspire more people to follow Gandhi's example. [49] The New York Times wrote almost daily about the Salt March, including two front-page articles on 6 and 7 April. And then they would shout at the top of their voices: 'We have broken the salt law! [68] The Pashtun satyagrahis acted in accord with their training in nonviolence, willingly facing bullets as the troops fired on them. Lyssna från tidpunkt: 56 min-tor 01 nov 2018 kl 07.00. Gandhi gave interviews and wrote articles along the way. The whole concept of Satyagraha (Satya is truth which equals love, and agraha is force; Satyagraha, therefore, means truth force or love force) was profoundly significant to me. Gujarati peasants refused to pay tax, under threat of losing their crops and land. März 1930 zum "Salzmarsch“ ans Arabische Meer auf. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Kampagne Mohandas Gandhis. According to The Statesman, the official government newspaper which usually played down the size of crowds at Gandhi's functions, 100,000 people crowded the road that separated Sabarmati from Ahmadabad. Time declared Gandhi its 1930 Man of the Year, comparing Gandhi's march to the sea "to defy Britain's salt tax as some New Englanders once defied a British tea tax". Author B C Roy 1 Affiliation 1 Prime Minister, W. Bengal. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi: Volumes 1 to 98 Below volumes form the revised - erroneous - version of the CWMG as published on the CD-Rom "Mahatma Gandhi - Interactive Multimedia - Electronic Book" in 1999. Mahatma Gandhi. Der gleichnamige Bodentyp findet sich unter, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salzmarsch&oldid=209250634, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Satyagraha is a synthesis of the Sanskrit words Satya (truth) and Agraha (insistence on). For Gandhi, satyagraha went far beyond mere "passive resistance" and became strength in practising nonviolent methods. Gandhi chose the 1882 British Salt Act as the first target of satyagraha. Besonders berühmt wurde der "Salzmarsch". [56], 78 marchers accompanied Gandhi on his march. The 1882 Salt Act gave the British a monopoly on the collection and manufacture of salt, limiting its handling to government salt depots and levying a salt tax. 2 Einführung Indien, ein Land großer Gegensätze Indien ist etwas neunmal so groß wie Deutschland und zeichnet sich durch eine ungeheure landschaftliche Vielfalt aus. [20] Salt was sold illegally all over the coast of India. I was particularly moved by his Salt March to the Sea and his numerous fasts. Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent activism allowed thousands of Indians from all walks of life to participate in the fight for independence. He also reasoned that it would build unity between Hindus and Muslims by fighting a wrong that touched them equally. Insgesamt doch wohl eher erfolglos, angesichts des Urteils der Geschichte. All you need to know", "Photos: Remembering the 80 unsung heroes of Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March", "Brouchure issued by Ministry of Culture, GOI on NSSM", "Mahatma is the Message: Gandhi's Life as Consummate Communicator", Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, Conscientious objection to military taxation, List of historical acts of tax resistance, National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salt_March&oldid=1016156955, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Darjeeling (Gorkhaland territorial Administration), Decourcy, Elisa. Der Salzmarsch oder die Salz-Satyagraha von 1930 war eine Kampagne Mahatma Gandhis, die das Salzmonopol der Briten brechen sollte und letztlich zur Unabhängigkeit Indiens von Großbritannien führte. Mahatma Gandhi (n. 2 octombrie 1869, Porbandar[*] , India – d. 30 ianuarie 1948, Gandhi Smriti[*] , Delhi, Dominion of India[*] ) cu adevăratul său nume Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi a fost părintele independenței Indiei și inițiatorul mișcărilor de revoltă nonviolente. When Gandhi broke the British Raj salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the salt laws by millions of Indians. Gandhi brachte die Inder dazu, sich gegen die Ausbeutung durch die Briten zu wehren. None of those measures slowed the civil disobedience movement. Dagegen wollte Gandhi protestieren. Mahatma Gandhi gilt allgemein als der furchtlose Kämpfer, der mit den Mitteln des gewaltlosen Widerstands die Unabhängigkeit Indiens von der übermächtigen britischen Kolonialmacht im August 1947 errungen hat. A pinch of salt made by Gandhi himself sold for 1,600 rupees (equivalent to $750 at the time). John Court Curry, a British police officer stationed in India, wrote in his memoirs that he felt nausea every time he dealt with Congress demonstrations in 1930. That evening, as Gandhi’s time-piece, which hung from one of the folds of his dhoti [loin-cloth], was to reveal to him, he was uncharacteristically late to his prayers, and he fretted about his inability to be punctual. Am 12 März 1930 begann Gandhi seinen Salzmarsch. ", "The Salt Satyagraha in the meantime grew almost spontaneously into a mass satyagraha. He employed non-violent principles and peaceful disobedience as a means to achieve his goal. Die Briten kontrollierten in Indien die Gewinnung von Salz und den Salzhandel. I have also called it Love-force or Soul-force." Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi föddes 1869 i den lilla staden Porbandar i västra Indien. [9] The march was the most significant organised challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self-rule by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930. Mahatma Gandhi menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam perjuangan India melawan Inggris. After their arrests, the march continued under the leadership of Sarojini Naidu, a woman poet and freedom fighter, who warned the satyagrahis, "You must not use any violence under any circumstances. Gandhi växte upp i ett hinduiskt småstadshem i den lilla furstestaten Porbandar i nuvarande Gujarat, fjärran från tidens intellektuella och politiska strömningar. [47] At Aslali, and the other villages that the march passed through, volunteers collected donations, registered new satyagrahis, and received resignations from village officials who chose to end co-operation with British rule. Am Ende begleiteten ihn Tausende. Mohandas 'Mahatma' Gandhi Gandhi in 1931 during a visit to London©. [4] Although over 60,000 Indians were jailed as a result of the Salt Satyagraha,[5] the British did not make immediate major concessions.[6]. Blaine.[80]. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) var vid tillfället ledare för det nationalistiska partiet Indian National Congress som ägnat sig åt civil olydnad i sin kamp mot sociala orättvisor och för indisk självständighet. Sein Salzmarsch, den er am 12. D er indische Freiheitskämpfer Mahatma Gandhi bricht am 12. 8 Jahre seines Lebens hinter Gittern. Hitta perfekta Mahatma Gandhi bilder och redaktionellt nyhetsbildmaterial hos Getty Images. You will be beaten, but you must not resist: you must not even raise a hand to ward off blows." [61] British cloth and goods were boycotted. He is also called Bapu in India (Gujarati endearment for "father", "papa"). Dieser Salzmarsch machte Indiens gewaltfreien Unabhängigkeitskampf weltberühmt. He was assassinated in 1948, shortly after achieving his life goal of Indian independence. Dabei zog Gandhi mit 78 seiner Anhänger ab dem 12. In his words: Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. More importantly, due to extensive press coverage, it scored a propaganda victory out of all proportion to its size. April 1930 Ein Mann bewegt die Massen. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 27. Mahatma Gandhi führte den berühmten Salzmarsch nach Dandi an Durch das britische Salzgesetz von 1882 wurde bestimmt, dass Inder Salz weder sammeln noch verkaufen durften und eine hohe Abgabe von Steuern verlangt. ist es, was den Salzmarsch des Mahatma Gandhi zur historischen Tat gemacht hat. [49], Thousands of satyagrahis and leaders like Sarojini Naidu joined him. 1930 rief Gandhi zu einer erneuten Kampagne des zivilen Ungehorsams auf. Salt Satyagraha succeeded in drawing the attention of the world. It succeeded in paralysing the British government and winning significant concessions. On 12 March 1930, Gandhi and 78 satyagrahis, among whom were men belonging to almost every region, caste, creed, and religion of India,[44] set out on foot for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, 385 km from their starting point at Sabarmati Ashram. [71], "Sarojini Naidu was among the most visible leaders (male or female) of pre-independent India. He wrote to Lord Irwin, again telling him of his plans. For that reason, he recruited the marchers not from Congress Party members, but from the residents of his own ashram, who were trained in Gandhi's strict standards of discipline. He overcame those obstacles of racism but more obsatcles were to appear in his lifetime. Mahatma Gandhi Great Quotes with Images. "[33] Correspondents from dozens of Indian, European, and American newspapers, along with film companies, responded to the drama and began covering the event. Salz war zu dëser Appealing for violence to end, at the same time Gandhi honoured those killed in Chittagong and congratulated their parents "for the finished sacrifices of their sons ... A warrior's death is never a matter for sorrow. History Of Colonialism in India Prior to the colonial era in India, the country was a highly prosperous nation, divided into several kingdoms, ruled by … Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Porbandar, Ahensiyang Kathiawar, Britanikong India. 13 18 2. ", "National Salt Satyagraha Memorial | List of names", "The Great Dandi March — eighty years after", "Parliament Museum, New Delhi, India – Official website – Dandi March VR Video", "Dandi march: date, history facts. The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi. [citation needed], The participants halted at Dandi on the night of 5 April, with the commemoration ending on 7 April. März 1930, startete Gandhi den Marsch, um sich gegen die "Salzsteuer" der Engländer zu wehren. [13], After the protest gathered steam, the leaders realised the power of salt as a symbol. Jump to navigation Jump to search. He said that "a bonfire should be made of foreign cloth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. From there, he urged women followers in Bombay (now spelled Mumbai) to picket liquor shops and foreign cloth. [81] Civil disobedience continued until early 1931, when Gandhi was finally released from prison to hold talks with Irwin. Mäerz 1930 op de sougenannte „Salzmarsch“ opzebriechen. Hunderttausende folgen Gandhi und laufen gemeinsam fast 400 Kilometer weit zum Meer. '"[72] The growing number of women in the fight for sovereignty and self-rule was a "new and serious feature" according to Lord Irwin. | Adlibris The police then began dragging the sitting men by the arms or feet, sometimes for a hundred yards, and throwing them into ditches. The waiting crowd of watchers groaned and sucked in their breaths in sympathetic pain at every blow. It remains to be seen whether the Government will tolerate as they have tolerated the march, the actual breach of the salt laws by countless people from tomorrow. They went down like ten-pins. [20] [31] Gandhi chose 6 April to launch the mass breaking of the salt laws for a symbolic reason—it was the first day of "National Week", begun in 1919 when Gandhi conceived of the national hartal (strike) against the Rowlatt Act. Salzmarsch - demonstration . He was not awarded on those five occasions. Gandhi suspended the protest, against the opposition of other Congress members. The British government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. Vor 80 Jahren beendete Mahatma Gandhi seinen "Salzmarsch". Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, … "[17], The British establishment too was not disturbed by these plans of resistance against the salt tax. An American academic writing for The Nation reported that "60,000 persons gathered on the bank of the river to hear Gandhi's call to arms. Curry and others in British government, including Wedgwood Benn, Secretary of State for India, preferred fighting violent rather than nonviolent opponents. Lev som om du skulle dö i morgon.” ­ Mahatma Gandhi som var vänsterhänt! [35] The 24-day march would pass through 4 districts and 48 villages. Weit mehr als 50 000 Menschen gehen wegen ihm in den Knast, für lange Zeit; er selbst verbringt ca. [78], Vithalbhai Patel, former Speaker of the Assembly, watched the beatings and remarked, "All hope of reconciling India with the British Empire is lost forever. Gandhi kämpfte auch mit Sitz- … [1] The march spanned 240 miles (390 km), from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, which was called Navsari at that time (now in the state of Gujarat). Am 5. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Sindhi: 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a leader of nationalism in British-ruled India.He is more commonly called Mahatma Gandhi; mahatma is an honorific meaning "great-soul" or "venerable" in Sanskrit.He was first called this in 1914 in South Africa. Even though salt was freely available to those living on the coast (by evaporation of sea water), Indians were forced to buy it from the colonial government. Mahatma Gandhi Ind Med Gaz. I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous of all from the poor man's standpoint. Gandhi [gaʹndi], Mohandas Karamchand, född 2 oktober 1869, död 30 januari 1948, indisk politiker och andlig ledare, ofta kallad ”mahatma” (stor ande). Thousands of women, from large cities to small villages, became active participants in satyagraha. Gandhi var en indisk advokat, politiker och andlig ledare. [26] The Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928 was much more successful.
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